Athar Faridi

Basic GitHub Commands

Here are some of the most important and commonly used GitHub (Git) commands:

git init: Initializes a new Git repository.
```
git init
```
git clone <repository-url>: Creates a local copy of a remote repository.
```
git clone https://github.com/username/repository.git
```
git status: Displays the state of the working directory and staging area.
```
git status
```
git add <file>: Stages changes to a specific file.
```
git add filename.txt
```
git commit -m "<message>": Commits the staged changes with a descriptive message.
```
git commit -m "Initial commit"
```

Branching and Merging

git branch: Lists all local branches in the repository.
```
git branch
```
git branch <branch-name>: Creates a new branch.
```
git branch new-feature
```
git checkout <branch-name>: Switches to the specified branch.
```
git checkout new-feature
```
git checkout -b <branch-name>: Creates and switches to a new branch.
```
git checkout -b new-feature
```
git merge <branch-name>: Merges the specified branch into the current branch.
```
git merge new-feature
```

Remote Repository Commands

git push origin <branch-name>: Pushes local changes to the remote repository.
```
git push origin main
```
git pull: Fetches and merges changes from the remote repository to the local repository.
```
git pull origin main
```

git remote add origin <url>: Adds a remote repository.

git remote add origin https://github.com/username/repository.git

Inspection and Comparison

git log: Shows the commit history.
```
git log
```
git diff: Displays changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc.
```
git diff
```
git show <commit>: Displays information about a specific commit.
```
git show abc123
```

Stashing Changes

git stash: Temporarily saves changes in the working directory.
```
git stash
```
git stash pop: Applies the most recently stashed changes and removes them from the stash.
```
git stash pop
```

These commands form the foundation of using Git effectively for version control in software development. Mastery of these commands will significantly enhance your workflow and collaboration with other developers[1][2][3][4][6].

1. Set up Git for the first time:

Configure your identity (required when committing for the first time):

git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "youremail@example.com"

2. Initialize a Git repository:

Initialize a new local repository:
```
git init
```

3. Cloning a repository:

Clone an existing repository from GitHub to your local machine:
```
git clone <repository-url>
```

4. Check the status of the repository:

View the status of your current repository (staged, unstaged changes):
```
git status
```

5. Staging files:

Stage a specific file for commit:
```
git add <filename>
```
Stage all files for commit:
```
git add .
```

6. Commit changes:

Commit staged changes with a message:
```
git commit -m "Your commit message"
```

7. View commit history:

Check the history of commits in the current branch:
```
git log
```

8. Push changes to remote repository:

Push your changes to a remote repository (e.g., GitHub):
```
git push origin <branch-name>
```

9. Pull updates from remote repository:

Fetch and merge changes from the remote repository to your local repository:
```
git pull
```

10. Create and switch branches:

Create a new branch:
```
git branch <branch-name>
```
Switch to a different branch:
```
git checkout <branch-name>
```

11. Merge branches:

Merge a branch into the current branch:
```
git merge <branch-name>
```

12. View branches:

List all branches:
```
git branch
```

13. Delete a branch:

Delete a branch locally:
```
git branch -d <branch-name>
```

14. Stash changes:

Temporarily save changes that are not ready to be committed:
```
git stash
```
Apply stashed changes back to the working directory:
```
git stash pop
```

15. Reverting a commit:

Revert a specific commit by commit hash:
```
git revert <commit-hash>
```

These commands cover the essential tasks when working with Git and GitHub, helping you manage versions, collaborate on code, and maintain a clean project history.

Common Errors & Solution Git rebase